Berlin wall essay
The love of an old parent berlin wall essay distort the feelings that the young have a changing world as they become dependant upon propping up the lies of parents. The crisis pitted two world powers, the United States and the Soviet Union, against each other in what many describe as the closest the world has come to World War III and a nuclear holocaust. However, berlin wall essay, these emigration codes remained ineffective since people could still move to West Berlin by train. Indeed, she notes that "many new monuments and memorials have been built or proposed since the advent of the post-apartheid…, berlin wall essay. in particularly and the social, economic and political forces of the Soviet Union. During the ban, it is estimated that approximately 5, individuals desperately tried to jump over the fence and some of them lost their lives. The CIA vindicated: the Soviet collapse was predicted.
Introduction
Berlin Wall I am here at the Berlin Wall reporting on a historic day for the German nation. The Berlin Wall, a symbol of oppression and division of the German people for decades, is being torn down. After World War II, the defeated Germany was split evenly between the four Allied powers, the United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union. Berlin, residing in the far east of Germany, yet being the power center of the country, was also divided at the end of World War II, berlin wall essay, and became an island of freedom within the East German state. Now as Perestroika has been in effect in the Soviet Union, and Poland has been successful with its Solidarity movement, Germany is once again to be united for the first time since The momentous occasion has been precipitated for months by peaceful demonstrations in Berlin, berlin wall essay, berlin wall essay tremendous pressure to the….
One man speaks of crossing to the West in search of opportunity, choosing to leave his family behind and berlin wall essay to send back what money he could. The coming down of the wall means that this man will be reunited with his family after so many years away, a moment of joy. Another reveler tells the story of being whisked away by their berlin wall essay at berlin wall essay young age right after the end of the war, in a desperate attempt to reach West Germany. It was seen, even at the beginning, that the Soviet Union would be a far more rigid determinant in the post-war era as opposed to the lenient west. Berlin wall essay across Europe, it would appear as though big political change is on its way.
The scars left behind from World War II are now, forty years later, being healed, and it is unforeseen what will happen to the Soviet Union in the future, now that berlin wall essay power in Eastern Europe is waning, berlin wall essay. For many viewers at home who fought in World War II, or who have been directly affected by the war, which surely is berlin wall essay vast majority of the viewing world, the tearing down of the Berlin Wall has a special significance. It signifies victory for the West, and the ideals of Freedom and Democracy, and the magnetic pull of the highly efficient free market.
Ultimately it was economics which befell Berlin wall essay Germany, berlin wall essay, as the planned economy tumbled to a halt as innovation and inspiration led to a difficult decade. Now West Germany has the responsibility of tending care to the fragile Eastern economy, forcing billions of dollars of spending by the German Parliament as well as from European and American allies. There is another symbol of the fall of the Berlin Wall, however, and that is the belief that meaningful peace in the world can be accomplished by humanity within a generation after the end of World War II, and it only takes discussion and diplomacy to resolve world issues before another devastating war breaks out somewhere else in the world. November 9th, will be remembered forever as the day that East Germany decided to reunify with the West, and here at the Berlin Wall, we see that the German people could not be happier.
The ever depressing conditions of the East Berliners compared to their Western counterparts has been visible for years, but this repressed feeling has finally brought change to the nation as a whole. Berlin Wall The construction of the wall and the global impacts The city of Berlin lies on the eastern side of Germany approximately thirty five miles west of the post border of Poland. When Germany created its German stated, Berlin was declared as the capital city of New Germany. Berlin remained the capital up until the end of World War Two during which the super powers ussia, France, Britain and the United States captured four distinct zones of the city of Berlin. In the cooperation between the West and Soviet Union, Germany was divided into two separate countries odriguez, Niland, The events that led berlin wall essay the creation of Berlin Wall Inthe Western powers decided to sponsor the formation of the West Germany whereas the Soviets sponsored the creation of East Germany.
One problem that arose with this division was the fact that Berlin was physically…. References Barker, E. The Berlin Crisis International Affairs Royal Institute of International Affairs Gearson, J. British policy and the Berlin Wall Crisis Halsall, berlin wall essay, P. USA and USSR: Exchange of notes on the Berlin Wall, Harrison, H. Driving the Soviets up the Wall: A super-ally, a super-power, and the building of the Berlin Wall, Cold War History. In such situations, no rescue could be attempted without costing more lives, but the incident captured by the Western media increased international resolve against the Soviets Buckley, esolution of Issues: Throughout the nearly half-century-long Cold War between East and West, the military expenditures dominated the respective fiscal budgets of the U.
And Soviet Union. As military technology evolved, military tactics demanded continual development of more and more sophisticated weapons and warning systems on both sides. However, what was constituted a berlin wall essay on the U. economy virtually bankrupted the Soviet Union. Poverty, at least by comparison to living standards in the Western Hemisphere, were dismal throughout the Soviet Communist sphere of influence Buckley, Furthermore, the strategic use of proxies to conduct war against enemies of the Soviet Union also helped bring about the eventual collapse of Communist ussia as a world power. Originally, the Soviets pioneered the use of…. References Buckley, berlin wall essay, W. The Fall of the Berlin Wall, berlin wall essay. Feis, H. Churchill Roosevelt Stalin: The War They Waged and the Peace They Sought.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Kalb, M. Paul, J. The Berlin Airlift. erlin Berlin wall essay History And Significance The erlin Wall was a physical, concrete barrier erected to divide East Germany from West Germany during the Cold War Era. The wall was constructed in and stayed erected until the early s when it began to be demolished as a result of the Cold War ending and the fuller implementation of the Soviet policies of perestroika and glasnost under Gorbachev. in particularly and the social, economic and political forces of the Soviet Union. Accessed Apr 25, html] This paper asks how the Wall came into…. Bibliography " Berlin is Divided, berlin wall essay.
Cleaver, Emily. Cornwell, Rupert. Modernism made its mark on Berlin's architectural trends, too. The Bauhaus style of modernism is characteristic of many of Berlin's social housing projects that sprouted up in the s, and which recently became designated UNESCO orld Heritage Sites. The early twentieth century marked the birth of the eimar Republic, which gave rise to an industrial aesthetic that has become a hallmark of Berlin's look as well as symbolic of socialist ideology Hake. For example, the Potzdammer Platz was conceived of as a symbolic collective space, a sentimental communal property made manifest in a massive public square. Throughout Berlin's history, architectural development has paralleled social and political realities, and the Nazi years were no exception.
Nazi monumentalist structures mirrored the warped dreams of the party. Hitler and his team of architects, designers, and builders helped create a network of structures in Berlin that enabled massive demonstrations and also imposed party ideology…. Works Cited "Berlin's Social Housing Gets World Heritage Status. html Egert-Romanowska, Joanna and Omilanowska, Malgorzata. London: Dorling-Kindersley, Hake, Sabine. Topographies of Class. University of Michigan Press, Matthews, K. Great all of America? A Bad Idea. It is widely known that the United States is a country of immigrants. The country's indigenous population constitutes a tiny miniscule of its population, while the rest came mostly from Europe, Latin America, berlin wall essay, and other parts of the world.
Nevertheless, berlin wall essay, immigration to the United States has always been a divisive and controversial issue. In the nineteenth century, berlin wall essay, nativist feelings among the ASP hite Anglo-Saxon Protestants made the East Coast a very inhospitable place for Catholic Irish immigrants, while the legislators in the est Coast targeted immigrants and migrants from the Far East, singling out the Chinese in the Chinese Exclusion Act of "Chinese Exclusion Act". Today, cross-border movement of people through the southern border of the United States has become a hotly debated issue for ordinary folks, legislators, anti-terrorist law enforcement agencies, Congressmen and Congresswomen as well as Presidential candidates.
Criticizing the…. Works Cited: "Chinese Exclusion Act. Food, Inc. Los Angeles, CA: Magnolia Home Entertainment, Expatriate Debrief While in Berlin, I visited a large art museum where, as in most parts of Europe, I was surrounded by people from all over the world. Docents guided small groups of people through the museum, talking about the art in the native language of the groups of people. A group of Japanese people were guided by a quiet, polite, and diminutive middle-aged woman. I berlin wall essay understand Japanese so I couldn't effectively eavesdrop -- but it wouldn't have mattered if I did because she was so soft spoken -- her group members pressed close around her -- that I wouldn't have been able to hear what she said without closing the physical gap in an obvious manner.
The group of Spanish-speaking visitors enthusiastically gave eye contact to those around them, gave way to others as they moved about the room, and often linked arms or touched the hands of…. References Fietze, S. Germany's Next Top Manager: Does Personality Explain the Gender Career Gap? pdf Tanzania. Global Integrity Report. Der Spiegel. Tear down that wall," has been the one sentence legacy of Ronald Reagan's presidential administration Boyd. Ask any conservative political pundit and you are likely to hear that Reagan's defense strategy and, in particular, his Strategic Defense Initiative SDIwas the direct cause of the Berlin all coming down, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the eventual end of the Cold ar.
Yet, in reality, how instrumental was Reagan and his policy in these berlin wall essay or was the actual cause due to other factors? Reagan, unlike his predecessors, Jimmy Carter, Gerald Ford, and Richard Nixon, adopted a much sterner posture relative to relations with the Soviet Union. Reagan entered office initially on the coat strings of President Carter's problems with the Iran hostages and Reagan campaigned on the strength of his strong militaristic positions. hen Reagan entered office the Cold ar was forty years old.
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And Becht, M. The Control of Corporate Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chun, R. Freidman, Thomas L. Global E-Business Marketing. The burning question asked by many is how to or how NOT to commemorate and memorialize such events. This report shall compare and contrast the perspectives of Marschall and Mitchell. While people generally agree that remembrance of the fallen and of events is a good thing, the "how" that is used to do that is sometimes a question with many different answers. Marschall has her primary focus, at least initially, on the aftermath and memorials relating to South Africa and the time of Apartheid. Indeed, she notes that "many new monuments and memorials have been built or proposed since the advent of the post-apartheid….
References Marschall, S. Visualizing Memories: The Hector Pieterson Memorial in Soweto. Visual Anthropology, 19 2 , Urban Geography, 24 5 , During this period, Austria also continued industrial expansion, but at a slower pace than Germany. With growth came further instability. Investment and founding of new organizations exploded since , with over new corporations being founded Pulzer from to This was the age of the Gruender, which meant "entrepreneur," but also came to be associated with financially shaky schemes which resulted in the bursting of a speculative bubble in The period of the Liberal government spanned from to , a period during which Austria lost its power and prestige, unemployment and economic insecurity reigned, and newly-vociferous minorities were exerting their rights to equality in language and culture.
In the meantime, Germany seemed to be growing from success to success, as its liberalization engendered national unity and a growth in wealth and military power. Conservative Ascendancy in Austria The nature of the conservatives in Austria was…. Bibliography Burant, S. Hungary: A Country Study. Washington: Library of Congress, Campbell, D. The SHADOW of the HABSBURGS: MEMORY and NATIONAL IDENTITY in AUSTRIAN POLITICS and EDUCATION PhD Thesis, College Park: University of Maryland, Grandner, M. Conservative Social Politics in Austria, Working Papaer , Vienna: University of Vienna, Habe, H. Our Love Affair with Germany.
New York: Putnam, On the other hand there was growing opposition in intelligentsia circles to pro-soviet regimes in all East European countries and Eastern Germany. If in earlier years Soviet Union was able to aid economies of these countries in order to support communist regimes, then starting from the years fro stagnation in late 's the situation changed. Findings were shortening and the U. was not able to support unprofitable industries of its partners as its own economy was experiencing troubles: The growth of the Soviet economy has been systematically decelerating since the s as a consequence of dwindling supplies of new labor, the increasing cost of raw material inputs, and the constraints on factor productivity improvement imposed by the rigidities of the planning and management system.
The average annual growth of Soviet GNP dropped from 5. References Berkowitz, Bruce D. Richelson, Jeffrey T. The CIA vindicated: the Soviet collapse was predicted. The National Interest, No. The Cold War and Its Origins, Vol. As all these human needs are connected with each other, it is not surprising then, that the human need to connect is inherently connected with the human need for knowledge. ork Flow Software, Uploading, and In-forming were further developments that negotiated people's need for knowledge -- whether they are free and readily available or not. ork Flow Software satisfied people's need for knowledge as it allowed information to travel seamlessly through integrated networks.
Uploading and In-forming, however, paved the way for selected new media technologies to remain "open" and continuously expanding, respectively. Uploading allowed users to…. Work cited Friedman, T. The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century. Release 2. NY: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. Germany West East In the post-unification Germany of the present, the country seems to be caught between two worlds. Certainly, reservations about German power have tapered off. Germany has not become an irredentist nationalist power in European Union attire.
In its relations with Western Europe, Germany has been successful in dispelling such fears. In Eastern Europe, the perception and the actual role of Germany is not bathed as much in the warm light of multilateralism. The challenge is not just for Germany to work harder to convince the East that it is well-intentioned. The deeper challenge however is to confront the fact that historical and structural constraints converge to create a situation of asymmetric dependence, rather than asymmetric interdependence, complicated further by the process of European integration and globalization. As being the land in between ussia and Germany, one can understand their nervousness. However, Germany is part of the West….
References Adebahr, Cornelius. The Comprehensive Approach to Crisis Management in a Concerted Weimar Effort. Genshagen: Genshagen Foundation, It was a poor policy at best, and the President's Cabinet approved the plan, even if he did not. In fact, Congress specifically denied the request to send money to the Contras, so it was done in secret, and this violated the law and the trust of the nation. It was dishonest, it was covert, and it cast a dark cloud over the presidency and eagan's own motives. In comparison, oosevelt has his own legacy of poor judgement, too. oosevelt tried to pack the Supreme Court by proposing to add new justices, and many believe he pointed the country toward socialism. oosevelt felt the Supreme Court was too conservative when they overthrew many of the social changes he had created in the New Deal.
He felt they were not following the Constitution in their decisions, but were following their own feelings. He wanted to bring the number of Supreme Court…. References Felzenberg, Alvin S. McKenna, Marian C. Franklin Roosevelt and the Great Constitutional War: The Court-Packing Crisis of New York: Fordham University Press, Reagan, Ronald. Inaugural Address. aspaccessed 3 May Siracusa, Joseph M. Depression to Cold War: A History of America from Herbert Hoover to Ronald Reagan. Westport, CT: Praeger, It is a farce, founded on dishonesty: like the old regime itself. And Alex has become the neurotic, control-freak prime minister, acting on behalf of an ageing, debilitated monarch" notes Peter Bradshaw, the film reviewer of the Guardian.
A real-life parallel might be that of a child in a nursing home who carefully controls his or her parent's visitors, diet, and lifestyle. Politically, Bradshaw's implication is that the love parents and children feel can mirror a kind of tyranny. The love of an old parent can distort the feelings that the young have a changing world as they become dependant upon propping up the lies of parents. This suggest that love the young for elderly people can inhibit and even unconsciously prevent the ability of the world to change, as they live for a dying, rather than a new ideal. The film at its best shows how love, perhaps too….
Works Cited Bradshaw, Peter. html Good-bye Lenin. It is now the Germans, the British, the Italians, the Swedes, and all of the European Union. However in at the time Pearl Harbor was attacked oosevelt sold the theoretical stance of internationalism to the citizens of America as well as to the epublican Party. Isolationism stated that our neighbors were far away across vast oceans, so therefore, why bother with problems that far away from our homes. Stated by Kupchan is: " The unilateralism came from two things: 1 American exceptionalism, the sense that we were a new, unique nation, and we don't want to engage in the world,…. pdf Kupchan, Charles The End of the American Era: U. PESIDENT EAGAN'S HUMAN IGHTS ECOD Was onald eagan a Good President? President eagan's International Human ights ecord President eagan's International Human ights ecord The Cold War and Apartheid On September 26, , President onald eagan sent a message to the House of epresentatives that he would not sign into law H..
His stated rationale was that the people most affected by the sanctions would be the Black workers, not the ruling White elite. eagan agreed that apartheid needed to end, but not at the expense of those already suffering the most under White rule. On the surface this logic seems admirable, even honorable, but others have questioned eagan's motives. Although eagan did not use the exact phrase "constructive engagement," this term would come to represent his policy stance towards apartheid. eagan's message to the House followed…. References Bruce, D. Interpreting the body count: South African statistics on lethal police violence.
South African Review of Sociology, 36 2 , Bush, R. Reagan and state terrorism in Southern Africa. Crime and Social Justice, 0 24 , i-x. Reagan, R. Message to the House of Representatives returning without approval a Bill concerning apartheid in South Africa. Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. Accessed 6 Feb. Remarks on East-West relations at the Brandenburg Gate in West Berlin. The discussion here remains open and this is one of the points where the author is merely raising a question rather than coming with a straight answer. One could argue here in favor of a positive globalization effect involving countries that joined the new economic world after a change of regime, using the example of Nokia.
The company first moved with the production from Finland to Germany and this was the first time when some voices were raised against the stealing of legitimate jobs from honest hard working Finns in order to offer them to the Germans who were equally honest and hard working, but nevertheless not participants in the development of the company. The same story happened with Nokia when it decided to drastically reduce its production in Germany and to move over to a city in the Western area of omania, a recently free country who is fitting…. Resources: Friedman, T. Picador Zineldin, M. Globalisation and economic integration among Arab countries. Retrieved: Oct 12, American History -- journal In the September issue of the highly-prestigious history journal American Heritage, the main topic of discussion has to do with "ales From the Cold War," a period in American history following World War II when the U.
And the Soviet Union were engaged in detente and threats related to the use of nuclear weapons. he first article, "he Day We Shot Down the U-2" by Sergei Khrushchev, the son of Premier Nikita Khrushchev, makes it clear that the U-2 incident of May 1, involving U. pilot Gary Powers was far more complicated than has previously been realized. Khrushchev states that "In the 's, years of deep freeze in the Cold War caused politician and ordinary people on both sides to be gripped by the same fear," being "whether Moscow or Washington would seize the opportunity to deal the first, and possibly the last, nuclear…. The second article, "Aircraft A Has Lost a Device" By Clark Rumrill, focuses on how the U. Air Force came to drop by mistake an A-bomb on the state of South Carolina in March of which fortunately did not detonate.
Rumrill points out that an Air Force medium bomber accidentally dropped its nuclear weapon "in the woods behind the home of the Gregg family" and that the "high explosive trigger in the bomb blew up on contact with the ground, leaving a crater 50 feet across and 35 feet deep and injuring three girls" This accident came about when a Captain Kulka noticed that the bomb was lodged in the wrong place in the plain and when he tried to fix the problem the bomb-bay doors opened up and the bomb fell from the plane. Moments later, "the plane was rocked by the shock wave of the blast when the bomb hit the ground" The third article, "Mr.
Smith Goes Underground" by Thomas Mallon, concerns a specially-designed bunker, meant to house the President of the United States and his closest confidants, during a nuclear strike by the Soviet Union. Mallon reminds the reader that this bunker, located in West Virginia and now open to the public for tours, was "the strangest of all Cold War relics and offers a clue to why the U. won the Cold War" Once the visitors enter the bunker, they "find themselves standing at the end of a yard-long concrete corridor leading into the , square-foot former standby capital of the United States" The last article, "Visiting the Cold War Today" By Phil Patton, describes various landmarks from Berlin, Germany to Washington, D.
To Area 51 which as of were being opened to the public. According to Patton, "these days, there are more and more visitors to the monuments of the Cold War" and tours as often overcrowded at the Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station and the Nevada Test Sites. Some of the most conspicuous sites include the Titan Missile Museum in Sahaurita, Arizona, the house on Checkpoint Charlie in Berlin the dividing line between East and West Germany during the Cold War, a. The "Iron Curtain , the Allied Museum in Berlin and the Cold War Museum which Gary Powers, the U-2 spy plane pilot, created "to honor his father and all Cold War veterans" As of , this museum included "a U-2, a section of the Berlin Wall, a spy satellite, a fallout shelter and other artifacts" West Germany sustained what many call an "economic miracle" rebuilding after the war.
Their social market economy allowed for individuals to be entrepeneurial and yet be socially responsible to the state. With so much rebuilding necessary, but an entire Western Europe and the United tates ripe for importing and exporting, the economic future of the West was in high gear Erhard, In contrast, East Germany as a client state to the oviet Union, was part of the large buffer zone Moscow set up between themselves and the West. Because so much of the GDP either went back to Moscow or to run the tasi, economic growth was typically stagnant, and there was little motivation for increased production or free spirit workers Leonhard, This also bled over politically; West Germany had free elections, East Germany's a ruse and the ruling elite chosen by Moscow.
ocially, West German standards of…. Sources of Twentieth Century Europe pp. New York: Macmillan. Wise, M. Capital Dilemma: Germany's Search for a New Architecture of Democracy. Princeton: Princeton Architectural Press. Perhaps the most memorable example of the cross-pollination of ideas, however, was that of the Chinese ten-meter-tall, Styrofoam "Goddess of Democracy" in Tiananmen Square. The Chinese demonstrations openly used estern symbols and quoted estern ideologues until they were silenced by the government.
As with , some of the revolts were successful, some unsuccessful, but all shared certain qualities in common, according to Manning. Manning concedes that all social movements draw upon pre-existing conflicts and debates, combined with a new intensification of flaring up of such issues but both years of multiple revolutions all show a common rhetoric between nations. In the "equivalent debates included rights to self-expression, freedom from government restraint, recognition of individual rights, renunciation of racial and ethnic discrimination, and recognition of communities" and a cross-cultural language of common cause, along with a desire for great change Manning par. The common, sympathetic language was non-specific….
Work Cited Manning, Patrick. May 12, They did not like the reforms or the way Gorbachev was running the country allowing all the freedoms -- glasnost and perestroika. They presented him with documents signing away his powers as General Secretary. Gorbachev exploded and ordered them to leave. They did, but Gorbachev knew he was in a grave situation, cut off from the world, not telephones, and guarded. Yeltsin However, the "old guard" had made one huge mistake. They had failed to take into account or arrest the second most powerful man in the country, a man by the name of oris Yeltsin. He had just been elected as the first President of Russia, and he and Gorbachev were bitter rivals to control the entire USSR.
However, not today. y Yeltsin's choice, he joined with Gorbachev in spirit and ideology, rushed to the Russian parliament and declared the supposed coup the act of mad men and threw…. Bibliography Au, K. The causes and consequences of the collapse of the Soviet Union. html coldwar. The cold war museum: Fall of the Soviet Union. Retrieved November 19, , from coldwar. asp Gorbachev, M. Gorbachev speech dissolving the Soviet Union. Retrieved November 19, , from publicpurpose. htm Graham, J. The collapse of the Soviet Union. Retrieved November 19, , from historyorb. shtml Langley, A. The collapse of the Soviet Union: The end of an empire. Mankato, MN: Compass Point Books. For North Korea since the erlin Wall fell the use of conventional weapons by North Korea in defending itself from external foes has not been a feasible proposition, therefore, it is apparent that North Korea acquired nuclear capabilities because of the value of these capabilities as use as a method for ensuring adequate self-defense in what the regime in North Korea views as a highly unstable security environment and one in which North Korea is quite terrified that will result in the United States becoming aggressive from a military standpoint.
It really can not be held as true that the reason for the development of nuclear capability in North…. Central-Asia -- Caucasus Institute Silk Road Studies Program. Yongho, Kim and Yi, Yurim Security Dilemmas and Signaling During the North Korean Nuclear Standoff. Asian Perspective. pdf Xizhen, Zhang and Brown, Eugene Policies Toward North Korea: A Time for New Thinking. Journal of Contemporary China. Sujian, Guo and Stradiotto, Gary A. Political Studies, Vol. Moreover, ending the cold war enabled the formation of international alliances that help and support members, and also fight together against common enemies.
html, last accessed on February 27, Walter Lippmann, the Cold War: A Study in U. html rtoc7,last accessed on February 27, Peter Nolan, China's Rise, Russia's Fall. Macmillan Press, htm, last…. Minuteman In the opinion of the reporter George Putnam, while one fights for freedom somewhere else in the world, one could at that moment be in fact losing one's own freedom. He also states, on air as well as in other media that the United States of America is being invaded by an inordinate number of aliens, and unless this is controlled, the citizens of America could well lose their own freedom. He goes on to emphasize on the fact that being a Californian, and sharing a common border with Mexico, has meant that he has been suffering both economically as well as culturally, in the hands of foreign illegal invaders, who have been completely responsible for violating the very sovereignty of the state.
This in turn has led to the miserable state of affairs present in the 'Immigration and Naturalization Services Department', and, in the opinion of the reporter…. References Activists say Minutemen causing fear, ACLU offers training in El Paso. Associated Press. Deterrence in the Post-Cold War Era The same types of deterrence strategies that were used to good effect in the Cold War may not be as effective against non-state actors as with nation states in the 21st century. A summary of the research and important findings concerning security and deterrence in the post-Cold War era are provided in the conclusion. Many military and political strategists today may lament the "good old days of Communism" when the actors were well-known and their geographic locations were established with certainty.
At that time, it was a straightforward matter to convince political leaders in Western Europe of the need for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO to counter the Soviet-led…. Shop Goes Global" tells the meaningful story of the tenacity, beneficial opportunism and importance of capitalism. The article opens memorably, discussing one of the most historical moments of the 20th century -- the destruction and removal of the Berlin Wall. While the eradication of the Berlin wall symbolized many things to many people, for the most part it symbolized the unraveling of communist rule in Eastern Europe. And the unraveling of communist rule in Eastern Europe meant opportunities for all -- not just opportunities for citizens of Eastern Europe, but for everyone, because the 20th century demonstrated how the world was becoming more and more of a global society.
The article tells the story of Paul Panitz, an American who went to a government-run copy center in Budapest, which was apparently one of the very few copy centers in Hungary at all; however this was no surprise. As the article…. Germany has had many tumultuous events in its past, especially before and after World War II. Although Germany experienced turmoil before the start of the war, after the war, they decided to take a different approach to foreign policy and focused on rebuilding their economy as well as improving their skilled labor force. Now Germany has a stable economy and healthy and skilled workforce. The old saying: "German engineering" shows the caliber of artisanship involved in German manufacturing.
They reduced their need to prove their military might in lieu for labor force development and reduction of foreign military interference. In a recent article by Kundnani, the writer details the determination of Germany to remain out of foreign affairs. References Brakman, S. The strategic bombing of German cities during World War II and its impact on city growth. Journal Of Economic Geography, 4 2 , Economic growth in Europe since Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kundnani, H. Germany as a Geo-economic Power. The Washington Quarterly, 34 3 , The politics of productivity: foundations of American international economic policy after World War II. International Organization, 31 04 , Cold War dominated American culture, consciousness, politics and policy for most of the 20th century.
Even after the fall of the Berlin Wall, which symbolized the fall of the Iron Curtain and therefore finale of the Cold War, Cold War rhetoric and politics continued especially in the War on Terror. Depictions of the Cold War in American literature and film parallel the changes that took place in American ways of thinking about its own domestic policies as well as American perceptions of the alien enemy or "Other. Early depictions of the Cold War were modernist in their approach, with clear distinctions between good and evil and no moral ambiguity whatsoever. References Booker, K. Monsters, Mushroom Clouds, and the Cold War. Westport, CT: Greenwood. Comyn, J. Confronting the Monolith: Authority and the Cold War in Gravity's Rainbow.
Journal of American Studies 33 3 : Jarvis, C. The Vietnamization of World War II in Slaughterhouse Five and Gravity's Rainbow. Introduction The North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO was established in as part of the post-war effort among the nations of the West to work together to establish the peace. Throughout the Cold War, NATO was more of a symbol than an actual military alliance. It was not until the Cold War ended that the first joint military NATO operations were conducted. military and a kind of political and international justification and show of support for what Bush wanted to do to Saddam Hussein. Bush used NATO…. He learned quickly, showed political prowess, was not afraid to lead his followers in troubled times like the Screen Actors' strike , and he could think on his feet, develop his own very moving speeches, and he had very strong beliefs which he was not afraid to voice.
All of these are qualities of a leader, and they developed as he made his way thorough life. eagan, with support of some friends and political leaders, began toying with the notion of running for governor in California. Cannon notes, eagan, despite never having spent a day in public office, had political assets that his opponents failed to recognize. Foremost among these was that he was widely known and liked [ In , eagan…. References Cannon, Lou. Ronald Reagan: The Presidential Portfolio: A History Illustrated from the Collection of the Ronald Reagan Library and Museum.
New York: Public Affairs, Joffe, Josef. Von Drehle, David. In , Congress amended the National Security Act to provide for the appointment of a Deputy Director of the CIA by the President with Senate's advice and consent. Commissioned officers of the armed forces, active or retired, could not occupy the top two positions at the same time CIA. Intelligence Reform Needed Countless reorganizations of the intelligence community since the end of the Cold War have not produced satisfactory results Harris intelligence counterterrorist programs have certainly made record achievements, such as the thwarting of planned attacks on New York's Lincoln and Holland tunnels in and against airports on the West Coast in the eve of the millennium. ut reforms are quite needed.
The first is to provide warning. The most difficult task of the intelligence officer is to provide warning. The intelligence community also needs a more risk-taking and failure-tolerant management approach. Safeguarding national security means putting…. Bush Pledge Over U. BBC News: British Broadcasting Company, stm CIA. History of the CIA. Central Intelligence Agency, Retrieved on May 30, cia. html Harris, James W. The Path to Intelligence Reform: "Changes in the Intelligence Craft. And though there are many who will view the Clinton administration's disruption of ethnic tensions in Kosovo as one of the first examples of the Marshall Plan template in a post-Cold ar atmosphere, Buchanan speaks of the invasion by noting that "for the first time, NATO, a defensive alliance, took offensive action against a country putting down an insurrection inside its own territory.
The abuses which had created hundreds of thousands of refugees would have, under Buchanan's purview, continued unabated as, likely, ethnically driven responses to aggression on either side would certainly have produced some level of genocide. Works Cited: Bass, G. Milosevic in the Hague. Foreign Affairs, 82 3 , Buchanan, Pat. A Republic, Not An Empire: Reclaiming America's Destiny. Regnery Publishing, Inc. Kunz, D. The Marshall Plan Reconsidered. Foreign Affairs, 76 3 , The domino theory which presumed that the fall of a nation such as Vietnam would cause an entire region to topple to communist influence would underscore Cold War foreign policy for generations, with presidents culturally required to affirm a commitment to the goals of protecting American interests and opposing Russian aims that appeared to be contrary to these interests.
Regarding Kennedy, "from his Vienna interview with Khrushchev, through the Berlin crisis during , to the Cuban missile crisis and therafter -- this commitment evidently deepened with experience as Kennedy responded to events. Accordingly, this mounting knowledge that would show Kennedy to be as much shaped by the…. There was also an opportunity cost to the availability of such goods. There was an explosion of American companies selling American products and to an unwelcome public. It was difficult for the Russian people to accept quickly.
Their pace of life was not the same as America's and yet they were expected to adjust very quickly. The economic reform took a down turn when the Russian people did not catch onto a lot of these American products. As a result consumer spending went down and many companies failed in their ventures. Another factor to this failure is found in the quick need for the new Russia to do away with the old Russia' state owned companies by introducing privatization. This concept was hard for the Russian businessperson to grasp. Works Cited Dornberg, John. The New Germans: Thirty Years After. New York: MacMillan Publishing Co. Goldman, Marshall I. Lost Opportunity: Why Economic Reforms in Russia Have Not Worked. New York: W. Army Structure; from 3-Brigade Division Units to Units of Action At the Pentagon, briefings routinely begin with the old adage that "the only thing constant today is change.
As the end of front-line battles gave way to urban streets and insurgency, the Army transitioned its structural paradigm to mirror the rapidly shifting needs, abandoning the Three Brigade Division Units for Units of Action. This organizational shift had roots in Capitol Hill politics and dissent internal to the Pentagon, but was a desperately needed restructuring to meet the needs presented by the Iraq War, vastly different than those experienced during the Cold War history. In the early s, the Soviet forces overwhelmed many of the…. Nuclear confrontation between the two superpowers was profoundly frightening, not just for those who would have borne the full brunt of any nuclear exchange But for the international community as a whole.
Quite literally, the prospect of nuclear war constituted a threat of truly global dimensions. O'Neil A. One was the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or NATO in NATO as a joint military group was created to " defend against Soviet forces in Europe. Cold War A similar organization was formed by the Soviet Union and its east European allies known as the Warsaw Pact. This also serves to emphasize the entrenchment of the Cold War into…. References Cold War. htm Harry S, Truman and the War Scare of htm McGowan M. htm O'Neil A. Cuban Missile Crisis There are two views, as with any conflict or issue, on the reasons and reactions of the major players in the Cuban Missile Crisis that took place at the end of October The crisis pitted two world powers, the United States and the Soviet Union, against each other in what many describe as the closest the world has come to World War III and a nuclear holocaust.
In order to understand the Crisis, it is important to first understand the events leading up to the crisis. Toward the end of the paper, the United States' perspective of the crisis is discussed with regard to what is described previously from the perspective of supporters of the Castro regime and the now collapsed Soviet Union. ackground After the devastation that the bombs left in…. Bibliography Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders," 20 November The National Security Archives. Bay of Pigs: Forty Years After," Chronology, National Security Archives Cuban Problems 11 December , 24 June Bay of Pigs.
Crisis de Octubre: Cronologia. Centro de Estudios Sobre America. role of individual: the titular "Hedwig" of "Hedwig and the Angry Inch" and the protagonist of "Magnolia" The individual's sexual orientation and sexual identity and of identification is of supreme importance in "Hedwig and the Angry Inch," as well as in "Magnolia. In "Magnolia," the closeness of different individuals towards their eventual end is what is at issue in terms of their sense of self as individuals. Friedman considers insourcing to be flattener number eight, because it allows small companies to compete like major supply-chain companies. Insourcing refers to hiring another company to handle a company's supply chain. UPS is the major supplier for insourcing services in the United States.
Friedman believes that insourcing flattens in three ways: by letting little companies compete in the global market; by dissolving barriers between companies; and by standardizing business practices across companies. Finally, Friedman looks at a group of flatteners that he refers to as the steroids. These are small flatteners that have the effect of amplifying the other flatteners. Mobile steroids are those technologies allowing people to work in non-traditional environments and include cellular phones, laptops, and wireless internet access. Personal steroids are those things that give power to the individual, and include personal computers, search engines, and peer-to-peer file sharing.
While these flatteners are not powerful enough to…. References Friedman, T. The world is flat: a brief history of the twenty-first century. New York: Picador. Politics Modern Political Thought The transition from a feudal serf economy to a capitalist market economy was one of the fundamental shifts which have produced modernity as we know it. This essay aims to understand how the authors of The Prince and Leviathan, Niccolo Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes would think about the transition and how these two great minds would relate to the issue of capitalism. Capitalism is a funny game that continually creates a series of boom and bust cycles throughout our modern history. Take the real estate craze that occurred in Florida. The United States economy was cooking along on all cylinders and good times were everywhere.
No one was thinking about the Great Depression that would occur just a few years later. The rich and happy of figured that all was well as often is the case in Capitalism. Prosperity and growth were infinite --…. Works Cited, continued Solomon, Jay. Retrieved on November 25, from online. htmlWallerstein , Immanuel. White, Michael Further bolstering our cost argument is the Senate's regrettable decision to add several pork items to the bill, including the construction of a figure skating hall of fame in Maine. We could convey our dissatisfaction that Congress has played politics with what was supposed to be border security legislation. This message should resound well with the public and will help establish your credentials as a fighter of government waste.
A also believe we can attack this bill based on the cultural perceptions it creates. Baby boomers, who lived through the construction and deconstruction of the Berlin Wall, seem to be more opposed to the idea of a wall separating nations. We may be able to gain traction with this politically important group. Further, since NAFTA was passed, America's…. Learning Tools Study Documents Writing Guides About us FAQs Our Blog Citation Generator Flash Card Generator Login SignUp. Filter By:. Keyword s Filter by Keywords: add comma between each. Most Relevant Recently Added Most Popular. Home Topics History Berlin Wall Essays Berlin Wall Essays Examples. Having trouble coming up with an Essay Title? Use our essay title generator to get ideas and recommendations instantly. The momentous occasion has been precipitated for months by peaceful demonstrations in Berlin, applying tremendous pressure to the… One man speaks of crossing to the West in search of opportunity, choosing to leave his family behind and deciding to send back what money he could.
One problem that arose with this division was the fact that Berlin was physically… References Barker, E. Originally, the Soviets pioneered the use of… References Buckley, W. html] This paper asks how the Wall came into… Bibliography " Berlin is Divided. Berlin Schulte-Peevers and Parkinson Call Words: Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper : Hitler and his team of architects, designers, and builders helped create a network of structures in Berlin that enabled massive demonstrations and also imposed party ideology… Works Cited "Berlin's Social Housing Gets World Heritage Status. Great Wall of America A Bad Idea Words: Length: 3 Pages Document Type: Research Paper Paper : Criticizing the… Works Cited: "Chinese Exclusion Act.
Expatriate Debrief While in Berlin I Visited Words: Length: 4 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper : The group of Spanish-speaking visitors enthusiastically gave eye contact to those around them, gave way to others as they moved about the room, and often linked arms or touched the hands of… References Fietze, S. Tear Down That Wall Has Been the Words: Length: 8 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper : The Soviet Union and… Works Cited Address to Members of the British Parliament," June 8, , Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Ronald Reagan, Washington, D. Berlin Dada and the Modern Artists of the Weimar Republic Words: Length: 12 Pages Document Type: Research Paper Paper : Jobs… Bibliography Altshuler, Bruce.
Goodbye Lenin Great Comedy With Politics in the Background Words: Length: 3 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper : History of Air Cargo Industry Words: Length: 11 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper : Reunification on the German State Words: Length: 23 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper : Contested Public Space Memories and History Words: Length: 10 Pages Document Type: Research Paper Paper : If the physical evidence of… The Construction of the Holocaust Memorial in Berlin. March on Washington on August Words: Length: 5 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper : The Wall did not hold them back from freedom.
According to reports, official figures show that more than people died trying to flee. Human-rights activists say that the true figure could be closer to Many of these escape attempts were dramatic. Even though the Wall created international crises, divided families, and spawned villains and gangsters, it also produced its heroes. Brave men and women who lived in the shadow of the Wall found ways to elude Communism. Escape soon became harder. The barbed wire was replaced with concrete slabs. Waterways were blocked by underground fences. Windows along the borders had bricks instead of glass. Getting across became increasingly difficult, and it required ingenuity as well as determination.
In the first year alone, 14 attempts were made to breach the wall through driving into it. Many drove through legal checkpoints. Twice, East Germans escaped in a car so low that it could be driven right under the horizontal bars at the crossing points. Vertical bars were added to make it even more impossible. Many escaped in cleverly designed hiding places in cars driven by West Germans who could cross the border legally. Three escaped using Soviet Union military uniforms that a friend had sewn for them. Peter Fechter, an eighteen year old boy, was one of the first who tried to scale the wall outright. Escapees tried to get under the Wall using sewer systems.
It soon became blocked by watchful East German police In , NBC, the American Public television network, provided funds to dig a tunnel from Bernauer St. long, almost 40 ft. below the city, and about 28 inches high inside. It took six months to build, and 57 people were able to use it before it was discovered. Two families flew from East Germany to West in a homemade hot-air balloon. For 28 years the Berlin Wall stood as a grim symbol of the gulf between the Communist East and the Non-Communist West. When Hungary opened its borders with Austria, over 12, people escaped in a period of three days.
It was reported that about 5, people made it safely, and about 5, people were captured. Finally on November 9, , at at night, the German leader Egon Krenz ordered the Wall to be opened. After twenty-eight years, two months, and twenty-seven days, Berlin once again became a city. The old Berlin Wall, was a stark symbol of the human cost of the Cold War, a stark reminder of the political division of Europe, and a monument to the political failure of East Germany. And therefore, as a free man, I take pride in the words Ich bin ein Berliner- I am a Berliner. Kennedy- Remarks upon signing of the Golden Book in Rudolph-Wilde-Platz, West Berlin, Germany, June 26, Galante The Nuclear Age. Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books,
